Bibliography
Relating to SSRI-induced Serotonin DepletionTM
PLATELETS AND WHOLE BLOOD
“Platelets contain approximately 99% of whole blood serotonin…”
Teodor T. et al. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Measurement of Effect on Platelet Function Transl Res. 2008 March ; 151(3): 168–172
“Serotonin stored in platelets represents more than 99% of the total serotonin concentration in the human body.”
Renoux C. et al. Association of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With the Risk for Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(2):173-180
DEPLETION AT ONE WEEK
Platelets are depleted of serotonin within the first week, …”
Dall, M. et al. An Association Between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Serious Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009;7:1314 –1321
“In addition, we found a particularly high risk associated with recent start of SSRI therapy. Platelets are depleted of serotonin within the firstweek …”
Dall, M. et al. An Association Between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Serious Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009;7:1314 –1321
DEPLETION AT TWO WEEKS
“Intraplatelet serotonin concentrations are decreased by up to 80% within 2 weeks after initiation of an SA (serotonergic agent [SSRI]).”
Schultz, J. et al. Serotonergic agents increase the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeds in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices The J of Heart and Lung Transplantation, Vol 35, No 6, June2016
DEPLETION AT THREE WEEKS
“After 3 weeks of treatment (with fluoxetine) … the platelet 5-HT content was significantly reduced by about 90% of its original level.”
Wagner, A. et al. Effects of fl uoxetine treatment of platelet 3H-imipramine binding, 5-HT uptake and 5-HT content in major depressive disorder Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 20, Issue 2, October 1990,Pages 101-113
DEPLETION BEYOND THREE WEEKS
“Depending on the dose and type of medication (SSRI), the platelet 5-HT (serotonin) level can drop to undetectable levels.”
Maurer-Spurej. E. The influence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on human platelet serotonin Thromb Haemost 2004; 91: 119–28
“…serotonin enhances platelet activation induced by adenosine diphosphate and thrombin, and SSRIs can deplete serotonin (induce ahyposerotonergic condition) in platelets by up to 95 %.”
Gagne, J. et al. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Perioperative Bleeding and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cohort Study An International Journal of MedicalToxicology and Drug Experience; Vol. 38, Iss. 11, (Nov 2015): 1075-1082
Additional Information relating to SSRI-induced Serotonin DepletionTM
Rahn, K. et al. The role of 5-HT1A receptors in mediating acute negative effects of antidepressants: implications in pediatric depression Citation: Transl Psychiatry (2015) 5, e563; doi:10.1038/tp.2015.57
Geller B. KA et al. A Useful Theory on SSRI-Induced Suicidality in Children and Teenagers Transl Psychiatry 2015 May 5
Dalton S. et al. Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(1):59-64
De Abajo, F. et al. Association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: population based case-control study BMJ VOLUME 319 23 Oct. 1999
Loke Y. et al. Metanalysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27, 31-40
Yuan Y. et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper GI bleeding: confusion or confounding? Am J Med. 2006 Sep;119(9):719-27
Abojo, F. et al. Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Venlafaxine Therapy Interaction With Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Effect of Acid-Suppressing Agents Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(7):795-803
Abojo, F. et al. Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Venlafaxine Therapy Interaction With Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Effect of Acid-Suppressing Agents Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(7):795-803
Walraven C. et al. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by antidepressants and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients: retrospective cohort study BMJ Vold 323 22 Sep. 2001
Quinn G. et al. Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Bleeding Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Taking Warfarin Am J Cardiol. 2014 August 15; 114(4): 583–586.